2 NOTE: getopt is now part of the C library, so if you don't know what
3 "Keep this file name-space clean" means, talk to roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu
6 Copyright (C) 1987, 88, 89, 90, 91, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
8 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
10 Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
13 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
14 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
16 GNU General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
20 Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
22 /* AIX requires this to be the first thing in the file. */
24 #define alloca __builtin_alloca
25 #else /* not __GNUC__ */
26 #if defined (HAVE_ALLOCA_H) || (defined(sparc) && (defined(sun) || (!defined(USG) && !defined(SVR4) && !defined(__svr4__))))
35 #endif /* not __GNUC__ */
39 /* This needs to come after some library #include
40 to get __GNU_LIBRARY__ defined. */
41 #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__
43 /* Don't include stdlib.h for non-GNU C libraries because some of them
44 contain conflicting prototypes for getopt. */
46 #else /* Not GNU C library. */
47 #define __alloca alloca
48 #endif /* GNU C library. */
54 /* If GETOPT_COMPAT is defined, `+' as well as `--' can introduce a
55 long-named option. Because this is not POSIX.2 compliant, it is
59 /* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix `getopt'
60 but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user
61 to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
63 As `getopt' works, it permutes the elements of ARGV so that,
64 when it is done, all the options precede everything else. Thus
65 all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.
67 Setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT disables permutation.
68 Then the behavior is completely standard.
70 GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which
71 they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments. */
75 /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller.
76 When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
77 the argument value is returned here.
78 Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
79 each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. */
83 /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
84 This is used for communication to and from the caller
85 and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'.
87 On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
89 When `getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the
90 non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
92 Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next
93 how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. */
97 /* The next char to be scanned in the option-element
98 in which the last option character we returned was found.
99 This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off.
101 If this is zero, or a null string, it means resume the scan
102 by advancing to the next ARGV-element. */
104 static char *nextchar;
106 /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message
107 for unrecognized options. */
111 /* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements.
113 If the caller did not specify anything,
114 the default is REQUIRE_ORDER if the environment variable
115 POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, PERMUTE otherwise.
117 REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options;
118 stop option processing when the first non-option is seen.
119 This is what Unix does.
120 This mode of operation is selected by either setting the environment
121 variable POSIXLY_CORRECT, or using `+' as the first character
122 of the list of option characters.
124 PERMUTE is the default. We permute the contents of ARGV as we scan,
125 so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. This allows options
126 to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to
129 RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written
130 to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
131 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
132 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1.
133 Using `-' as the first character of the list of option characters
134 selects this mode of operation.
136 The special argument `--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless
137 of the value of `ordering'. In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only
138 `--' can cause `getopt' to return EOF with `optind' != ARGC. */
142 REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER
145 #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__
146 /* We want to avoid inclusion of string.h with non-GNU libraries
147 because there are many ways it can cause trouble.
148 On some systems, it contains special magic macros that don't work
151 #define my_index strchr
152 #define my_bcopy(src, dst, n) memcpy ((dst), (src), (n))
155 /* Avoid depending on library functions or files
156 whose names are inconsistent. */
161 my_index (string, chr)
175 my_bcopy (from, to, size)
180 for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
183 #endif /* GNU C library. */
185 /* Handle permutation of arguments. */
187 /* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have
188 been skipped. `first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first of them;
189 `last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them. */
191 static int first_nonopt;
192 static int last_nonopt;
194 /* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV.
195 One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt)
196 which contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far.
197 The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all
198 the options processed since those non-options were skipped.
200 `first_nonopt' and `last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe
201 the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved. */
207 int nonopts_size = (last_nonopt - first_nonopt) * sizeof (char *);
208 char **temp = (char **) __alloca (nonopts_size);
210 /* Interchange the two blocks of data in ARGV. */
212 my_bcopy ((char *) &argv[first_nonopt], (char *) temp, nonopts_size);
213 my_bcopy ((char *) &argv[last_nonopt], (char *) &argv[first_nonopt],
214 (optind - last_nonopt) * sizeof (char *));
215 my_bcopy ((char *) temp,
216 (char *) &argv[first_nonopt + optind - last_nonopt],
219 /* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy. */
221 first_nonopt += (optind - last_nonopt);
222 last_nonopt = optind;
225 /* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters
228 If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--",
229 then it is an option element. The characters of this element
230 (aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If `getopt'
231 is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
232 from each of the option elements.
234 If `getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character,
235 updating `optind' and `nextchar' so that the next call to `getopt' can
236 resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element.
238 If there are no more option characters, `getopt' returns `EOF'.
239 Then `optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element
240 that is not an option. (The ARGV-elements have been permuted
241 so that those that are not options now come last.)
243 OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
244 If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING,
245 return '?' after printing an error message. If you set `opterr' to
246 zero, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'.
248 If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants an arg,
249 so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text of the following
250 ARGV-element, is returned in `optarg'. Two colons mean an option that
251 wants an optional arg; if there is text in the current ARGV-element,
252 it is returned in `optarg', otherwise `optarg' is set to zero.
254 If OPTSTRING starts with `-' or `+', it requests different methods of
255 handling the non-option ARGV-elements.
256 See the comments about RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above.
258 Long-named options begin with `--' instead of `-'.
259 Their names may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unique
260 or is an exact match for some defined option. If they have an
261 argument, it follows the option name in the same ARGV-element, separated
262 from the option name by a `=', or else the in next ARGV-element.
263 When `getopt' finds a long-named option, it returns 0 if that option's
264 `flag' field is nonzero, the value of the option's `val' field
265 if the `flag' field is zero.
267 The elements of ARGV aren't really const, because we permute them.
268 But we pretend they're const in the prototype to be compatible
271 LONGOPTS is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an
272 element containing a name which is zero.
274 LONGIND returns the index in LONGOPT of the long-named option found.
275 It is only valid when a long-named option has been found by the most
278 If LONG_ONLY is nonzero, '-' as well as '--' can introduce
279 long-named options. */
282 _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring, longopts, longind, long_only)
285 const char *optstring;
286 const struct option *longopts;
294 /* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made.
295 Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element 0
296 is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped
297 non-option ARGV-elements is empty. */
301 first_nonopt = last_nonopt = optind = 1;
305 /* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions. */
307 if (optstring[0] == '-')
309 ordering = RETURN_IN_ORDER;
312 else if (optstring[0] == '+')
314 ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
317 else if (getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL)
318 ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
323 if (nextchar == NULL || *nextchar == '\0')
325 if (ordering == PERMUTE)
327 /* If we have just processed some options following some non-options,
328 exchange them so that the options come first. */
330 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
331 exchange ((char **) argv);
332 else if (last_nonopt != optind)
333 first_nonopt = optind;
335 /* Now skip any additional non-options
336 and extend the range of non-options previously skipped. */
339 && (argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
342 || argv[optind][0] != '+' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
343 #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */
346 last_nonopt = optind;
349 /* Special ARGV-element `--' means premature end of options.
350 Skip it like a null option,
351 then exchange with previous non-options as if it were an option,
352 then skip everything else like a non-option. */
354 if (optind != argc && !strcmp (argv[optind], "--"))
358 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
359 exchange ((char **) argv);
360 else if (first_nonopt == last_nonopt)
361 first_nonopt = optind;
367 /* If we have done all the ARGV-elements, stop the scan
368 and back over any non-options that we skipped and permuted. */
372 /* Set the next-arg-index to point at the non-options
373 that we previously skipped, so the caller will digest them. */
374 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt)
375 optind = first_nonopt;
379 /* If we have come to a non-option and did not permute it,
380 either stop the scan or describe it to the caller and pass it by. */
382 if ((argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
385 || argv[optind][0] != '+' || argv[optind][1] == '\0')
386 #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */
389 if (ordering == REQUIRE_ORDER)
391 optarg = argv[optind++];
395 /* We have found another option-ARGV-element.
396 Start decoding its characters. */
398 nextchar = (argv[optind] + 1
399 + (longopts != NULL && argv[optind][1] == '-'));
403 && ((argv[optind][0] == '-'
404 && (argv[optind][1] == '-' || long_only))
406 || argv[optind][0] == '+'
407 #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */
410 const struct option *p;
414 const struct option *pfound = NULL;
417 while (*s && *s != '=')
420 /* Test all options for either exact match or abbreviated matches. */
421 for (p = longopts, option_index = 0; p->name;
423 if (!strncmp (p->name, nextchar, s - nextchar))
425 if (s - nextchar == strlen (p->name))
427 /* Exact match found. */
429 indfound = option_index;
433 else if (pfound == NULL)
435 /* First nonexact match found. */
437 indfound = option_index;
440 /* Second nonexact match found. */
447 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' is ambiguous\n",
448 argv[0], argv[optind]);
449 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
456 option_index = indfound;
460 /* Don't test has_arg with >, because some C compilers don't
461 allow it to be used on enums. */
468 if (argv[optind - 1][1] == '-')
471 "%s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument\n",
472 argv[0], pfound->name);
474 /* +option or -option */
476 "%s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument\n",
477 argv[0], argv[optind - 1][0], pfound->name);
479 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
483 else if (pfound->has_arg == 1)
486 optarg = argv[optind++];
490 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n",
491 argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
492 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
496 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
498 *longind = option_index;
501 *(pfound->flag) = pfound->val;
506 /* Can't find it as a long option. If this is not getopt_long_only,
507 or the option starts with '--' or is not a valid short
508 option, then it's an error.
509 Otherwise interpret it as a short option. */
510 if (!long_only || argv[optind][1] == '-'
512 || argv[optind][0] == '+'
513 #endif /* GETOPT_COMPAT */
514 || my_index (optstring, *nextchar) == NULL)
518 if (argv[optind][1] == '-')
520 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `--%s'\n",
523 /* +option or -option */
524 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `%c%s'\n",
525 argv[0], argv[optind][0], nextchar);
527 nextchar = (char *) "";
533 /* Look at and handle the next option-character. */
536 char c = *nextchar++;
537 char *temp = my_index (optstring, c);
539 /* Increment `optind' when we start to process its last character. */
540 if (*nextchar == '\0')
543 if (temp == NULL || c == ':')
547 if (c < 040 || c >= 0177)
548 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option, character code 0%o\n",
551 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `-%c'\n", argv[0], c);
559 /* This is an option that accepts an argument optionally. */
560 if (*nextchar != '\0')
571 /* This is an option that requires an argument. */
572 if (*nextchar != '\0')
575 /* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg,
576 we must advance to the next element now. */
579 else if (optind == argc)
582 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `-%c' requires an argument\n",
587 /* We already incremented `optind' once;
588 increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument. */
589 optarg = argv[optind++];
598 getopt (argc, argv, optstring)
601 const char *optstring;
603 return _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring,
604 (const struct option *) 0,
611 /* Compile with -DTEST to make an executable for use in testing
612 the above definition of `getopt'. */
620 int digit_optind = 0;
624 int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
626 c = getopt (argc, argv, "abc:d:0123456789");
642 if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
643 printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.\n");
644 digit_optind = this_option_optind;
645 printf ("option %c\n", c);
649 printf ("option a\n");
653 printf ("option b\n");
657 printf ("option c with value `%s'\n", optarg);
664 printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\n", c);
670 printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
671 while (optind < argc)
672 printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);