2 NOTE: getopt is now part of the C library, so if you don't know what
3 "Keep this file name-space clean" means, talk to roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu
6 Copyright (C) 1987, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94
7 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
9 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
10 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
11 Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
14 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
17 GNU General Public License for more details.
19 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
20 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
21 Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
27 #if !defined (__STDC__) || !__STDC__
28 /* This is a separate conditional since some stdc systems
29 reject `defined (const)'. */
35 #define getopt _sys_getopt
39 /* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
40 actually compiling the library itself. This code is part of the GNU C
41 Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions. Compiling
42 and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
43 (especially if it is a shared library). Rather than having every GNU
44 program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
45 it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file. */
47 #if defined (_LIBC) || !defined (__GNU_LIBRARY__)
49 #define getopt _sys_getopt
53 /* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix `getopt'
54 but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user
55 to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
57 As `getopt' works, it permutes the elements of ARGV so that,
58 when it is done, all the options precede everything else. Thus
59 all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.
61 Setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT disables permutation.
62 Then the behavior is completely standard.
64 GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which
65 they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments. */
69 /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller.
70 When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
71 the argument value is returned here.
72 Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
73 each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. */
77 /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
78 This is used for communication to and from the caller
79 and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'.
81 On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
83 When `getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the
84 non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
86 Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next
87 how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. */
89 /* XXX 1003.2 says this must be 1 before any call. */
92 /* The next char to be scanned in the option-element
93 in which the last option character we returned was found.
94 This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off.
96 If this is zero, or a null string, it means resume the scan
97 by advancing to the next ARGV-element. */
99 static char *nextchar;
101 /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message
102 for unrecognized options. */
106 /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized.
107 This must be initialized on some systems to avoid linking in the
108 system's own getopt implementation. */
112 /* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements.
114 If the caller did not specify anything,
115 the default is REQUIRE_ORDER if the environment variable
116 POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, PERMUTE otherwise.
118 REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options;
119 stop option processing when the first non-option is seen.
120 This is what Unix does.
121 This mode of operation is selected by either setting the environment
122 variable POSIXLY_CORRECT, or using `+' as the first character
123 of the list of option characters.
125 PERMUTE is the default. We permute the contents of ARGV as we scan,
126 so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. This allows options
127 to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to
130 RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written
131 to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
132 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
133 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1.
134 Using `-' as the first character of the list of option characters
135 selects this mode of operation.
137 The special argument `--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless
138 of the value of `ordering'. In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only
139 `--' can cause `getopt' to return EOF with `optind' != ARGC. */
143 REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER
146 /* Value of POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable. */
147 static char *posixly_correct;
149 #if defined (__GNU_LIBRARY__) || defined (__sgi)
150 /* We want to avoid inclusion of string.h with non-GNU libraries
151 because there are many ways it can cause trouble.
152 On some systems, it contains special magic macros that don't work
155 #define my_index strchr
158 /* Avoid depending on library functions or files
159 whose names are inconsistent. */
177 /* If using GCC, we can safely declare strlen this way.
178 If not using GCC, it is ok not to declare it. */
180 /* Note that Motorola Delta 68k R3V7 comes with GCC but not stddef.h.
181 That was relevant to code that was here before. */
182 #if !defined (__STDC__) || !__STDC__
183 /* gcc with -traditional declares the built-in strlen to return int,
184 and has done so at least since version 2.4.5. -- rms. */
185 extern int strlen (const char *);
186 #endif /* not __STDC__ */
187 #endif /* __GNUC__ */
189 #endif /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */
191 /* Handle permutation of arguments. */
193 /* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have
194 been skipped. `first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first of them;
195 `last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them. */
197 static int first_nonopt;
198 static int last_nonopt;
200 /* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV.
201 One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt)
202 which contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far.
203 The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all
204 the options processed since those non-options were skipped.
206 `first_nonopt' and `last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe
207 the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved. */
213 int bottom = first_nonopt;
214 int middle = last_nonopt;
218 /* Exchange the shorter segment with the far end of the longer segment.
219 That puts the shorter segment into the right place.
220 It leaves the longer segment in the right place overall,
221 but it consists of two parts that need to be swapped next. */
223 while (top > middle && middle > bottom)
225 if (top - middle > middle - bottom)
227 /* Bottom segment is the short one. */
228 int len = middle - bottom;
231 /* Swap it with the top part of the top segment. */
232 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
234 tem = argv[bottom + i];
235 argv[bottom + i] = argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i];
236 argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i] = tem;
238 /* Exclude the moved bottom segment from further swapping. */
243 /* Top segment is the short one. */
244 int len = top - middle;
247 /* Swap it with the bottom part of the bottom segment. */
248 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
250 tem = argv[bottom + i];
251 argv[bottom + i] = argv[middle + i];
252 argv[middle + i] = tem;
254 /* Exclude the moved top segment from further swapping. */
259 /* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy. */
261 first_nonopt += (optind - last_nonopt);
262 last_nonopt = optind;
265 /* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made. */
268 _getopt_initialize (optstring)
269 const char *optstring;
271 /* Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element 0
272 is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped
273 non-option ARGV-elements is empty. */
275 first_nonopt = last_nonopt = optind = 1;
279 posixly_correct = getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
281 /* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions. */
283 if (optstring[0] == '-')
285 ordering = RETURN_IN_ORDER;
288 else if (optstring[0] == '+')
290 ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
293 else if (posixly_correct != NULL)
294 ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
301 /* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters
304 If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--",
305 then it is an option element. The characters of this element
306 (aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If `getopt'
307 is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
308 from each of the option elements.
310 If `getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character,
311 updating `optind' and `nextchar' so that the next call to `getopt' can
312 resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element.
314 If there are no more option characters, `getopt' returns `EOF'.
315 Then `optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element
316 that is not an option. (The ARGV-elements have been permuted
317 so that those that are not options now come last.)
319 OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
320 If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING,
321 return '?' after printing an error message. If you set `opterr' to
322 zero, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'.
324 If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants an arg,
325 so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text of the following
326 ARGV-element, is returned in `optarg'. Two colons mean an option that
327 wants an optional arg; if there is text in the current ARGV-element,
328 it is returned in `optarg', otherwise `optarg' is set to zero.
330 If OPTSTRING starts with `-' or `+', it requests different methods of
331 handling the non-option ARGV-elements.
332 See the comments about RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above.
334 Long-named options begin with `--' instead of `-'.
335 Their names may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unique
336 or is an exact match for some defined option. If they have an
337 argument, it follows the option name in the same ARGV-element, separated
338 from the option name by a `=', or else the in next ARGV-element.
339 When `getopt' finds a long-named option, it returns 0 if that option's
340 `flag' field is nonzero, the value of the option's `val' field
341 if the `flag' field is zero.
343 The elements of ARGV aren't really const, because we permute them.
344 But we pretend they're const in the prototype to be compatible
347 LONGOPTS is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an
348 element containing a name which is zero.
350 LONGIND returns the index in LONGOPT of the long-named option found.
351 It is only valid when a long-named option has been found by the most
354 If LONG_ONLY is nonzero, '-' as well as '--' can introduce
355 long-named options. */
358 _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring, longopts, longind, long_only)
361 const char *optstring;
362 const struct option *longopts;
369 optstring = _getopt_initialize (optstring);
371 if (nextchar == NULL || *nextchar == '\0')
373 /* Advance to the next ARGV-element. */
375 if (ordering == PERMUTE)
377 /* If we have just processed some options following some non-options,
378 exchange them so that the options come first. */
380 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
381 exchange ((char **) argv);
382 else if (last_nonopt != optind)
383 first_nonopt = optind;
385 /* Skip any additional non-options
386 and extend the range of non-options previously skipped. */
389 && (argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0'))
391 last_nonopt = optind;
394 /* The special ARGV-element `--' means premature end of options.
395 Skip it like a null option,
396 then exchange with previous non-options as if it were an option,
397 then skip everything else like a non-option. */
399 if (optind != argc && !strcmp (argv[optind], "--"))
403 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
404 exchange ((char **) argv);
405 else if (first_nonopt == last_nonopt)
406 first_nonopt = optind;
412 /* If we have done all the ARGV-elements, stop the scan
413 and back over any non-options that we skipped and permuted. */
417 /* Set the next-arg-index to point at the non-options
418 that we previously skipped, so the caller will digest them. */
419 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt)
420 optind = first_nonopt;
424 /* If we have come to a non-option and did not permute it,
425 either stop the scan or describe it to the caller and pass it by. */
427 if ((argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0'))
429 if (ordering == REQUIRE_ORDER)
431 optarg = argv[optind++];
435 /* We have found another option-ARGV-element.
436 Skip the initial punctuation. */
438 nextchar = (argv[optind] + 1
439 + (longopts != NULL && argv[optind][1] == '-'));
442 /* Decode the current option-ARGV-element. */
444 /* Check whether the ARGV-element is a long option.
446 If long_only and the ARGV-element has the form "-f", where f is
447 a valid short option, don't consider it an abbreviated form of
448 a long option that starts with f. Otherwise there would be no
449 way to give the -f short option.
451 On the other hand, if there's a long option "fubar" and
452 the ARGV-element is "-fu", do consider that an abbreviation of
453 the long option, just like "--fu", and not "-f" with arg "u".
455 This distinction seems to be the most useful approach. */
458 && (argv[optind][1] == '-'
459 || (long_only && (argv[optind][2] || !my_index (optstring, argv[optind][1])))))
462 const struct option *p;
463 const struct option *pfound = NULL;
469 for (nameend = nextchar; *nameend && *nameend != '='; nameend++)
473 /* Suppress `used before initialized' warning. */
477 /* Test all long options for either exact match
478 or abbreviated matches. */
479 for (p = longopts, option_index = 0; p->name; p++, option_index++)
480 if (!strncmp (p->name, nextchar, nameend - nextchar))
482 if (nameend - nextchar == strlen (p->name))
484 /* Exact match found. */
486 indfound = option_index;
490 else if (pfound == NULL)
492 /* First nonexact match found. */
494 indfound = option_index;
497 /* Second or later nonexact match found. */
504 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' is ambiguous\n",
505 argv[0], argv[optind]);
506 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
513 option_index = indfound;
517 /* Don't test has_arg with >, because some C compilers don't
518 allow it to be used on enums. */
520 optarg = nameend + 1;
525 if (argv[optind - 1][1] == '-')
528 "%s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument\n",
529 argv[0], pfound->name);
531 /* +option or -option */
533 "%s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument\n",
534 argv[0], argv[optind - 1][0], pfound->name);
536 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
540 else if (pfound->has_arg == 1)
543 optarg = argv[optind++];
547 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n",
548 argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
549 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
550 return optstring[0] == ':' ? ':' : '?';
553 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
555 *longind = option_index;
558 *(pfound->flag) = pfound->val;
564 /* Can't find it as a long option. If this is not getopt_long_only,
565 or the option starts with '--' or is not a valid short
566 option, then it's an error.
567 Otherwise interpret it as a short option. */
568 if (!long_only || argv[optind][1] == '-'
569 || my_index (optstring, *nextchar) == NULL)
573 if (argv[optind][1] == '-')
575 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `--%s'\n",
578 /* +option or -option */
579 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `%c%s'\n",
580 argv[0], argv[optind][0], nextchar);
582 nextchar = (char *) "";
588 /* Look at and handle the next short option-character. */
591 char c = *nextchar++;
592 char *temp = my_index (optstring, c);
594 /* Increment `optind' when we start to process its last character. */
595 if (*nextchar == '\0')
598 if (temp == NULL || c == ':')
603 /* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. */
604 fprintf (stderr, "%s: illegal option -- %c\n", argv[0], c);
606 fprintf (stderr, "%s: invalid option -- %c\n", argv[0], c);
615 /* This is an option that accepts an argument optionally. */
616 if (*nextchar != '\0')
627 /* This is an option that requires an argument. */
628 if (*nextchar != '\0')
631 /* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg,
632 we must advance to the next element now. */
635 else if (optind == argc)
639 /* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. */
640 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n",
644 if (optstring[0] == ':')
650 /* We already incremented `optind' once;
651 increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument. */
652 optarg = argv[optind++];
661 getopt (argc, argv, optstring)
664 const char *optstring;
666 return _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring,
667 (const struct option *) 0,
672 #endif /* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__. */
676 /* Compile with -DTEST to make an executable for use in testing
677 the above definition of `getopt'. */
685 int digit_optind = 0;
689 int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
691 c = getopt (argc, argv, "abc:d:0123456789");
707 if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
708 printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.\n");
709 digit_optind = this_option_optind;
710 printf ("option %c\n", c);
714 printf ("option a\n");
718 printf ("option b\n");
722 printf ("option c with value `%s'\n", optarg);
729 printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\n", c);
735 printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
736 while (optind < argc)
737 printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);