@cindex conventions for makefiles
@cindex standards for makefiles
-@c Copyright 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001 Free
-@c Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001,
+@c 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
@c under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
Installation directories should always be named by variables, so it is
easy to install in a nonstandard place. The standard names for these
-variables are described below. They are based on a standard filesystem
-layout; variants of it are used in SVR4, 4.4BSD, GNU/Linux, Ultrix v4,
-and other modern operating systems.
+variables and the values they should have in GNU packages are
+described below. They are based on a standard filesystem layout;
+variants of it are used in GNU/Linux and other modern operating
+systems.
+
+Installers are expected to override these values when calling
+@command{make} (e.g., @kbd{make prefix=/usr install} or
+@command{configure} (e.g., @kbd{configure --prefix=/usr}). GNU
+packages should not try to guess which value should be appropriate for
+these variables on the system they are being installed onto: use the
+default settings specified here so that all GNU packages behave
+identically, allowing the installer to achieve any desired layout.
These two variables set the root for the installation. All the other
installation directories should be subdirectories of one of these two,
programs rather than by users. This directory should normally be
@file{/usr/local/libexec}, but write it as @file{$(exec_prefix)/libexec}.
(If you are using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@libexecdir@@}.)
+
+The definition of @samp{libexecdir} is the same for all packages, so
+you should install your data in a subdirectory thereof. Most packages
+install their data under @file{$(libexecdir)/@var{package-name}/},
+possibly within additional subdirectories thereof, such as
+@file{$(libexecdir)/@var{package-name}/@var{machine}/@var{version}}.
@end table
Data files used by the program during its execution are divided into
@item datarootdir
The root of the directory tree for read-only architecture-independent
data files. This should normally be @file{/usr/local/share}, but
-write it as @file{$(prefix)/share}. @samp{datadir}'s default value is
-based on this variable; so are @samp{infodir}, @samp{mandir}, and others.
+write it as @file{$(prefix)/share}. (If you are using Autoconf, write
+it as @samp{@@datarootdir@@}.) @samp{datadir}'s default value is
+based on this variable; so are @samp{infodir}, @samp{mandir}, and
+others.
@item datadir
The directory for installing idiosyncratic read-only
architecture-independent data files for this program. This is usually
the same place as @samp{datarootdir}, but we use the two separate
-variables so that you can move these idiosyncratic files without
+variables so that you can move these program-specific files without
altering the location for Info files, man pages, etc.
-The default definition of @samp{datadir} should be
+This should normally be @file{/usr/local/share}, but write it as
@file{$(datarootdir)}. (If you are using Autoconf, write it as
@samp{@@datadir@@}.)
+The definition of @samp{datadir} is the same for all packages, so you
+should install your data in a subdirectory thereof. Most packages
+install their data under @file{$(datadir)/@var{package-name}/}.
+
@item sysconfdir
The directory for installing read-only data files that pertain to a
single machine--that is to say, files for configuring a host. Mailer
The directory for installing locale-specific message catalogs for this
package. By default, it should be @file{/usr/local/share/locale}, but
it should be written as @file{$(datarootdir)/locale}. (If you are
-using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@localedir@@}.)
+using Autoconf, write it as @samp{@@localedir@@}.) This directory
+usually has a subdirectory per locale.
@end table
Unix-style man pages are installed in one of the following:
@item uninstall
Delete all the installed files---the copies that the @samp{install}
-target creates.
+and @samp{install-*} targets create.
This rule should not modify the directories where compilation is done,
only the directories where files are installed.
@comment in the printed Make manual. Please leave it in.
@item clean
-Delete all files from the current directory that are normally created by
-building the program. Don't delete the files that record the
-configuration. Also preserve files that could be made by building, but
-normally aren't because the distribution comes with them.
+Delete all files in the current directory that are normally created by
+building the program. Also delete files in other directories if they
+are created by this makefile. However, don't delete the files that
+record the configuration. Also preserve files that could be made by
+building, but normally aren't because the distribution comes with
+them. There is no need to delete parent directories that were created
+with @samp{mkdir -p}, since they could have existed anyway.
Delete @file{.dvi} files here if they are not part of the distribution.
@item distclean
-Delete all files from the current directory that are created by
-configuring or building the program. If you have unpacked the source
-and built the program without creating any other files, @samp{make
-distclean} should leave only the files that were in the distribution.
+Delete all files in the current directory (or created by this
+makefile) that are created by configuring or building the program. If
+you have unpacked the source and built the program without creating
+any other files, @samp{make distclean} should leave only the files
+that were in the distribution. However, there is no need to delete
+parent directories that were created with @samp{mkdir -p}, since they
+could have existed anyway.
@item mostlyclean
Like @samp{clean}, but may refrain from deleting a few files that people
is rarely necessary and takes a lot of time.
@item maintainer-clean
-Delete almost everything from the current directory that can be
-reconstructed with this Makefile. This typically includes everything
-deleted by @code{distclean}, plus more: C source files produced by
-Bison, tags tables, Info files, and so on.
+Delete almost everything that can be reconstructed with this Makefile.
+This typically includes everything deleted by @code{distclean}, plus
+more: C source files produced by Bison, tags tables, Info files, and
+so on.
The reason we say ``almost everything'' is that running the command
-@samp{make maintainer-clean} should not delete @file{configure} even if
-@file{configure} can be remade using a rule in the Makefile. More generally,
-@samp{make maintainer-clean} should not delete anything that needs to
-exist in order to run @file{configure} and then begin to build the
-program. This is the only exception; @code{maintainer-clean} should
-delete everything else that can be rebuilt.
+@samp{make maintainer-clean} should not delete @file{configure} even
+if @file{configure} can be remade using a rule in the Makefile. More
+generally, @samp{make maintainer-clean} should not delete anything
+that needs to exist in order to run @file{configure} and then begin to
+build the program. Also, there is no need to delete parent
+directories that were created with @samp{mkdir -p}, since they could
+have existed anyway. These are the only exceptions;
+@code{maintainer-clean} should delete everything else that can be
+rebuilt.
The @samp{maintainer-clean} target is intended to be used by a maintainer of
the package, not by ordinary users. You may need special tools to
Programs to build binary packages work by extracting the
pre-installation and post-installation commands. Here is one way of
-extracting the pre-installation commands:
+extracting the pre-installation commands (the @option{-s} option to
+@command{make} is needed to silence messages about entering
+subdirectories):
@smallexample
-make -n install -o all \
+make -s -n install -o all \
PRE_INSTALL=pre-install \
POST_INSTALL=post-install \
NORMAL_INSTALL=normal-install \
where the file @file{pre-install.awk} could contain this:
@smallexample
-$0 ~ /^\t[ \t]*(normal_install|post_install)[ \t]*$/ @{on = 0@}
+$0 ~ /^(normal-install|post-install)[ \t]*$/ @{on = 0@}
on @{print $0@}
-$0 ~ /^\t[ \t]*pre_install[ \t]*$/ @{on = 1@}
+$0 ~ /^pre-install[ \t]*$/ @{on = 1@}
@end smallexample
-
-The resulting file of pre-installation commands is executed as a shell
-script as part of installing the binary package.
projects / gnulib.git / blobdiff