Contributing to Gnulib
======================
+
All software here is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation - you need
to have filled out an assignment form for a project that uses the
module for that contribution to be accepted here.
----------------------
Gnulib code is intended to be portable to a wide variety of platforms,
-not just GNU platforms.
+not just GNU platforms. See the documentation section "Target Platforms"
+for details.
Many Gnulib modules exist so that applications need not worry about
undesirable variability in implementations. For example, an
need not worry about localtime_r returning int (not char *) on some
platforms that predate POSIX 1003.1-2001.
-Originally much of the Gnulib code was portable to ancient hosts like
-4.2BSD, but it is a maintenance hassle to maintain compatibility with
-unused hosts, so currently we assume at least a freestanding C89
-compiler, possibly operating with a C library that predates C89. The
-oldest environment currently ported to is probably SunOS 4 + GCC 1.x,
-though we haven't tested this exact combination. SunOS 4 last shipped
-on 1998-09-30, and Sun dropped support for it on 2003-10-01, so at
-some point we may start assuming a C89 library as well.
+Currently we assume at least a freestanding C89 compiler, possibly
+operating with a C library that predates C89. The oldest environment
+currently ported to are probably HP-UX 10.20 and IRIX 5.3, though we
+are not testing these platform very often.
Because we assume a freestanding C89 compiler, Gnulib code can include
<float.h>, <limits.h>, <stdarg.h>, and <stddef.h> unconditionally. It
can also assume the existence of <ctime.h>, <errno.h>, <fcntl.h>,
-<locale.h>, <signal.h>, <stdio.h>, <stdlib.h>, <string.h>, and
-<time.h>. Some of these headers, such as <errno.h>, were present in
-Unix Version 7 and are thus widely available. <string.h> and
-<stdlib.h> were not in Unix Version 7, so they weren't universally
-available on ancient hosts, but they are both in SunOS 4 (the oldest
-platform still in relatively-common use) so Gnulib assumes them now.
-Similarly, many modules include <sys/types.h> even though it's not
-even in C99; that's OK since <sys/types.h> has been around nearly
-forever.
+<locale.h>, <signal.h>, <stdio.h>, <stdlib.h>, <string.h>, and <time.h>.
+Similarly, many modules include <sys/types.h> even though it's not even
+in C99; that's OK since <sys/types.h> has been around nearly forever.
Even if the include files exist, they may not conform to C89.
However, GCC has a "fixincludes" script that attempts to fix most
should use fixincludes or fix their include files manually.
Even if the include files conform to C89, the library itself may not.
-For example, SunOS 4's (free (NULL)) can dump core, so Gnulib code
-must avoid freeing a null pointer, even though C89 allows it.
+For example, strtod and mktime have some bugs on some platforms.
You can work around some of these problems by requiring the relevant
-modules, e.g., the Gnulib 'free' module supplies a conforming 'free'.
+modules, e.g., the Gnulib 'mktime' module supplies a working and
+conforming 'mktime'.
The GNU coding standards allow one departure from strict C99: Gnulib
code can assume that standard internal types like size_t are no wider
stdout if desired, and emits an error message if the subprocess
failed.
+@node Target Platforms
+@section Target Platforms
+
+Gnulib supports a number of platforms that we call the ``reasonable
+portability targets''. This class consists of widespread operating systems,
+for three years after their last availability, or --- for proprietary
+operating systems --- as long as the vendor provides commercial support for
+it. Already existing Gnulib code for older operating systems is usually
+left in place for longer than these three years. So it comes that programs
+that use Gnulib run pretty well also on these older operating systems.
+
+Some operating systems are not very widespread, but are Free Software and
+are actively developed. Such platforms are also supported by Gnulib, if
+that OS's developers community keeps in touch with the Gnulib developers,
+by providing bug reports, analyses, or patches. For such platforms, Gnulib
+will not support all versions that are at most three years old, but only
+the versions of the last year or the last few months, depending on the
+maturity of said OS project, the number of its users, and how often these
+users upgrade.
+
+Niche operating systems are generally unsupported by Gnulib, unless some
+people from their developers or users community contributes support to
+Gnulib.
+
+The degree of support Gnulib guarantees for a platform depends on the
+amount of testing it gets from volunteers. Platforms on which Gnulib
+is frequently tested are the best supported. Then come platforms with
+occasional testing, then platforms which are rarely tested. Usually,
+we fix bugs when they are reported. Except that some rarely tested
+platforms are also low priority; bug fixes for these platforms can
+take longer.
+
+As of 2011, the list of supported platforms is the following:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+glibc systems. With glibc 2.8 or newer, they are frequenty tested. With
+glibc 2.3 or newer, they are occasionally tested.
+@item
+MacOS X. In versions 10.5 and 10.6, it's frequently tested. In version
+10.4, it's rarely tested.
+@item
+FreeBSD 6.0 or newer is occasionally tested. FreeBSD 5.x is rarely tested.
+@item
+NetBSD 5.0 or newer is occasionally tested. NetBSD 3.0 or newer is rarely
+tested.
+@item
+OpenBSD 4.0 or newer is occasionally tested. OpenBSD 3.8 or newer is rarely
+tested.
+@item
+AIX 6.1 or newer is occasionally tested. AIX 5.1 or newer is rarely tested.
+@item
+HP-UX 11.11 or newer is occasionally tested. HP-UX 11.00 is rarely tested.
+HP-UX 10.20 is rarely tested and low priority.
+@item
+IRIX 6.5 is occasionally tested. IRIX 5.3 is rarely tested and low priority.
+@item
+OSF/1 5.1 is occasionally tested. OSF/1 4.0 is rarely tested and low
+priority.
+@item
+Solaris 8 and newer are occasionally tested. Solaris 7 is rarely tested.
+Solaris 2.6 and older is rarely tested and low priority.
+@item
+Cygwin 1.7.x is frequently tested. Cygwin 1.5.x is occasionally tested.
+@item
+mingw is frequently tested. But note that some modules are currently
+unsupported on mingw: @code{mgetgroups}, @code{getugroups}, @code{idcache},
+@code{userspec}, @code{openpty}, @code{login_tty}, @code{forkpty},
+@code{pt_chown}, @code{grantpt}, @code{pty}, @code{savewd},
+@code{mkancesdirs}, @code{mkdir-p}, @code{euidaccess}, @code{faccessat}.
+The versions of Windows that are supported are Windows XP and newer.
+@item
+Native Windows, with MSVC as compiler, is not tested and low priority.
+@item
+mingw in 64-bit mode is not tested and low priority so far.
+@item
+Interix 3.5 is not tested.
+@item
+Haiku is rarely tested, BeOS is not tested and low priority.
+@item
+uClibc on Linux is rarely tested.
+@item
+QNX is not tested and low priority.
+@end itemize
+
+These operating systems are all supported in an unvirtualized environment.
+When you run an OS inside a virtual machine, you have to be aware that the
+virtual machine can bring in bugs of its own. For example, floating-point
+operations on Solaris can behave slightly differently in QEMU than on real
+hardware. And Haiku's @command{bash} program misbehaves in VirtualBox 3,
+whereas it behaves fine in VirtualBox 4.
+
+Similarly, running native Windows binaries on GNU/Linux under WINE is
+rarely tested and low priority: WINE has a set of behaviours and bugs that
+is slightly different from native Windows.
+
+The following platforms are @emph{not} supported by Gnulib. Even correct
+patches for their support will not be applied.
+
+@itemize
+@item
+Windows 95/98/ME.
+@item
+DJGPP and EMX (the 32-bit operating systems running in DOS).
+@item
+MSDOS (the 16-bit operating system).
+@item
+Windows Mobile, Symbian OS, iOS.
+@end itemize
+
@node Modules
@section Modules
projects / gnulib.git / commitdiff